Si Labs' Job Risk Rating
Does timely local data give an earlier read on unemployment?
A complementary early-warning check against the official county rate (BLS LAUS), which lags and is revised each year.
What the data says
September 2026. Levels and trends from official and administrative data, separate from the early-warning test.
There is a job risk, and it is concentrated
Unemployment averaged 5.2% citywide over the last 12 months, up 0.15 points on a year earlier and 1.27 points above 2019. The Bronx is highest on unemployment and both youth measures: unemployment 7.1%, youth unemployment 22.9%, NEET 16 to 19 12.0%.
A slow softening, not a shock
More people are on UI than a year ago (+6.0%), but new claims are lower than a year ago in every borough, so people are staying on benefits longer rather than more losing jobs. No weekly spike. Labour force is growing (0.6% on 12-month averages), so no hidden-vulnerability flag.
Youth conditions worsened most
Youth unemployment (16 to 24) is far above 2019 in Brooklyn and Manhattan, more than the headline rate suggests. Margins of error are wide (±2 to 5 points), and NEET for 16 to 24 year-olds has no borough series.
The tool can show it, to a degree
The pipeline brings 14 indicators onto one borough frame, flags breaks and confidence, and ranks stress transparently. Toggle the indicators below to see how the picture holds up.
Watch list: no sign of a new shock
New UI claims in the latest 4 weeks are below a year earlier in every borough (Staten Island -23.6% to Manhattan -6.6%). Evictions over 12 months are below the 2017 to 2019 average except in Queens (+2.1%). Weekday morning subway entries are still 29 to 50% below 2019, which reflects remote work as much as jobs. SNAP recipients fell 9.7% and cash assistance recipients fell 8.0% on a year earlier (quarter to 2026-09), but cash assistance is still +67.3% on 2019-09 (Manhattan +49.7% to Queens +110.4%), so household strain has not unwound. None of these is validated as an early signal; caseloads also follow eligibility and administrative rules.
No early signal is validated
7 timely series are tested and none moves ahead of the official rate reliably (scorecard below). Medicaid enrollment by county (from 2012-04) moves in the same month as unemployment, not ahead of it, and in the opposite direction (correlation -0.79 to -0.66), most likely because coverage expanded in 2014 while unemployment fell. The test window, 2010 to 2019, contains no recession to anticipate.
The data that is missing
3 of the JRR's Pillar 1 indicators have no borough data (NEET 16 to 24, underemployment, projected jobs gap), and validating an early signal needs NYS DOL county claims for 2010 to 2018 (the open county series starts in 2019), HRA caseloads by borough monthly rather than quarterly (open data starts in 2018), and pre-2017 transit history. See the gaps list in the explorer.
Explore the boroughs
Unemployment rate
Illustrative stress ranking
Each selected indicator is ranked across the five boroughs (most stressed = 1, least = 0) and the ranks are averaged. This shows how far the available data can order the boroughs; it is not a Pillar 1 score, which uses its own normalisation.
Pillar 1 data coverage
Indicators
Click a name to colour the map. Tick to include it in the stress ranking.
Bronx
Click a borough on the map to see all its numbers.
| Indicator | Borough | City | Rank (1 = most stress) | Confidence | Source |
|---|
No validated early signal. None of the 7 tested signals gives an earlier read that holds in all five boroughs and after 2022; 5 more have too little 2010 to 2019 history to test.
Scorecard
pass passes the pre-set rule · no does not · not testable too little history · monitor watch signal, not validated
| Signal | Bronx | Brooklyn | Manhattan | Queens | Staten Island | Shared lead | JRR use | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tested against the borough rule | ||||||||
| UI beneficiaries (per labour force)residence · 2001–2026 | no | no | no | no | no | none | none | Low |
| medicaid_enrollmentresidence · 2012–2026 | no | no | no | no | no | none | none | Low |
| 311 housing complaints (per labour force)residence · 2011–2026 | no | no | no | no | no | none | none | Low |
| NYS business dissolutionsworkplacebasis mismatch · 2001–2026 | no | no | no | no | no | none | none | Low |
| NYS business formationsworkplacebasis mismatch · 2001–2026 | no | no | no | no | no | none | none | Low |
| WARN layoff noticesworkplacebasis mismatch · 2006–2026 | no | no | no | no | no | none | none | Low |
| WARN workers affectedworkplacebasis mismatch · 2006–2026 | no | no | no | no | no | none | Rating Watch test: not shown | Low |
| Watch list: too new to test, or outside the borough rule | ||||||||
| DCWP licences expiredworkplacebasis mismatch · from 2022 | not testable under 5 years of 2010–2019 history | n/a | Context only | Low | ||||
| DCWP licences issuedworkplacebasis mismatch · from 2022 | not testable under 5 years of 2010–2019 history | n/a | Context only | Low | ||||
| Residential evictions (per labour force)residence · from 2017 | not testable under 5 years of 2010–2019 history | n/a | Context only | Low | ||||
| Subway morning entriesresidence (assumed) · from 2017 | not testable under 5 years of 2010–2019 history | n/a | Context only | Low | ||||
| New UI claims (per labour force)residence · from 2019 | monitor weekly claims monitor; under 5 years of 2010–2019 history | n/a | Weekly monitor | Low | ||||
| New UI claims, citywideresidence · one geography · 2003–2026 | no citywide check, outside the borough rule | 0 mo | No recommendation | No grade | ||||
Hover a verdict for the borough's best lead, correlation and the rules it did not meet. Workplace-based signals are compared with a residence-based official rate and carry a basis-mismatch flag. Data confidence is a qualitative label, not a Pillar 1 score or grade.
Watch list
Signals with less than 5 years of 2010 to 2019 history, shown for monitoring. None is a validated early warning.
Weekly new UI claims vs a year earlier
Week ending 2026-10-24: no borough above the 1.5× threshold.
Latest 4 weeks
| Borough | Avg / week | vs year earlier |
|---|---|---|
| Bronx | 1,135 | -19% |
| Brooklyn | 1,778 | -14% |
| Manhattan | 1,160 | -7% |
| Queens | 1,412 | -14% |
| Staten Island | 235 | -24% |
Flag at 1.5× the same weekday nearest one year earlier; no comparison into the COVID period. Source: NYS DOL weekly county claims via Opportunity Insights.
Weekday morning subway entries
3 months to 2026-09: Bronx 59, Brooklyn 66, Manhattan 70, Queens 71, Staten Island 50 (2019 = 100).
MTA hourly ridership, weekdays 6–10am. Residence basis assumed (boardings at a borough's stations); Staten Island counts two fare stations only. From 2017; not testable.
Residential evictions
12 months to 2026-10: 16,642 executed, 86% of the 2017–2019 yearly average.
City Marshals' executed residential evictions (NYC Open Data 6z8x-wfk4), counted by borough and month; addresses never stored. Moratorium shaded. From 2017; not testable.
Signals
Correlation at each borough's best lead, 2010–2019, then each signal against the official rate (year-on-year changes, standardised).
All signals at a glance
Blue moves with the official rate, orange against it; stronger shade, stronger relationship; * significant after correction (within each signal, 70 tests; across signals, 490).
medicaid_enrollment
0 of 5 boroughs pass · residence
311 housing complaints (per labour force)
0 of 5 boroughs pass · residence
NYS business dissolutions
0 of 5 boroughs pass · workplace (basis mismatch)
NYS business formations
0 of 5 boroughs pass · workplace (basis mismatch)
WARN layoff notices
0 of 5 boroughs pass · workplace (basis mismatch)
WARN workers affected
0 of 5 boroughs pass · workplace (basis mismatch)
WARN spikes as a Rating Watch trigger: not shown
In the 28 borough-months with the largest WARN layoffs, the rate rose within 6 months 93% of the time, against 95% after other months (one-sided Fisher test, p = 0.81).
Pre-registered. The outcome is common after any month, so the test has little power; a stricter outcome is proposed for the next run.
Citywide new UI claims, 2003 onward: not useful citywide
Best lead 0 months, r = -0.09, adjusted p = 0.90. In 2008–09, seasonally adjusted claims peaked 7 months before the rate (described, not tested). BLS uses claims inside LAUS, so any lead would be partly built in.
UI beneficiaries deep dive
Monthly by county, residence-based like LAUS.
Verdict by borough
Correlation by lead, 2010–2019
Direction calls from 2022
Summary
| Borough | Best lead | r | Adj. p | Hit rate | Baseline | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bronx | 5 | 0.25 | 0.59 | 56% | 77% | not useful |
| Brooklyn | 5 | 0.36 | 0.52 | 54% | 65% | not useful |
| Manhattan | 6 | 0.45 | 0.52 | 55% | 55% | not useful |
| Queens | 6 | 0.32 | 0.52 | 55% | 75% | not useful |
| Staten Island | 0 | 0.38 | 0.45 | n/a | n/a | not useful |
UI claims and the official rate over time
How to read it
Each row is a borough. The coloured line is the year-on-year change in people on UI per labour-force member; the dark line is the same change in the official unemployment rate. Both are scaled against their 2010 to 2019 average, so the lines show direction and size of change, not levels.
An early signal would show the coloured line turning before the dark one, consistently, in every borough.
What it shows
- In 2010 to 2019 the best-fitting lead is 0 to 6 months by borough, but the link is weak (r 0.25 to 0.45) and not significant after correction.
- From 2022, UI calls the direction of the rate 54 to 56% of the time, against 55 to 77% for "the latest change continues".
- The COVID period (shaded) is a level shift in both series and is set aside from the tests.
Verdict: 0 of 5 boroughs pass. UI beneficiaries move with the rate rather than ahead of it.
COVID shock, March 2020 to December 2021
Excluded from the tests. UI and LAUS are different measures, so gaps are expected from those definitions.
Labour-force check by month
Months where, on 12-month averages, the rate fell while the labour force also shrank.
Official baselines
Annual and quarterly context for the JRR youth indicators and the workplace benchmark; not part of the monthly lead tests.
Youth unemployment rate, ages 16 to 24
Not in school and not working, ages 16 to 19
Jobs located in each borough, 2019 = 100
2015 Q1: jobs reassigned between boroughs in the records; levels across that quarter are not comparable.
Share of hires going to 14 to 24 year-olds
LEHD QWI, by workplace county, not seasonally adjusted.
Latest official youth figures
| Borough | Youth unemployment rate, ages 16 to 24 | Not in school and not working, ages 16 to 19 | Youth share of hires |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bronx | 22.9% ± 4.1 (2025) | 12.0% ± 3.2 (2025) | 17.5% |
| Brooklyn | 18.3% ± 2.5 (2025) | 7.9% ± 1.9 (2025) | 17.1% |
| Manhattan | 15.1% ± 3.0 (2025) | 6.2% ± 2.6 (2024) | 17.9% |
| Queens | 11.0% ± 2.0 (2025) | 4.9% ± 1.5 (2025) | 17.0% |
| Staten Island | 16.2% ± 4.7 (2025) | 5.3% ± 1.2 (2024, 5-year) | 23.3% |
ACS tables B23001 and B14005 with 90% margins of error; suppressed 1-year cells use the 5-year estimate.
Method and limits
The rule (fixed before any results)
- All 5 boroughs, monthly, at least 5 years of 2010–2019 history.
- Leads the official rate by at least 1 month, same direction in every borough.
- From 2022, calls the rate's direction better than "latest change continues".
- Significance corrected within each signal and across all signals; COVID (Mar 2020 – Dec 2021) set aside.
- 910 tests in total (490 cross-correlation, 420 Granger); 0 of 35 signal-borough pairs pass.
Main limitations
- LAUS is not seasonally adjusted and is revised each year; vintage pulled 2026-11-11 02:26 UTC. 2025-10 interpolated (not published by BLS).
- 2010–2019 had no recession, which limits what any lead test can show.
- Granger tests show predictive precedence, not causation.
- Workplace-based signals carry a basis mismatch against residence-based LAUS.
- Full limitations and sources:
reports/results.htmlanddocs/source_inventory.csv.